Engineering Journal September 2021

Effect of Processing Method of Kidney Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris) on Carcass Quality, Organ Weight and Organoleptic Properties of Broiler

Abstract— Effect of processing method of kidney beans (phaseolus vulgaris) on carcass quality, organ weight and organoleptic properties of broiler was studied using one hundred and twenty day-old chicks (Arbo acre strain). Raw, dehulled and boiled KB were used for treatment 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Prior to grinding of KB, 50kg was boiled at 100 ⁰C for 1 hour, 10kg was dehulled by immersing in cool water for 20 hours, and seed coat removed. The work was carried out using completely randomized design, with four treatments and three replicates of 10 birds per replicate. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 22. The relative weight of liver, spleen and heart had no significant effect (p>0.05) within the dietary treatment. The weight of the liver was smaller in birds fed raw kidney beans meal and the liver was characterized by marked coagulative necrosis. The weight of the gizzard was significantly (p<0.05) higher in birds fed control diet. Furthermore there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in birds fed boiled, dehulled and control diets on the breast weight but significantly smaller in those fed raw diet meal. There were also no significant differences on the drumstick, thigh, neck and head size. Tenderness was not significantly affected by the dietary treatments. Juiciness, taste, and flavour intensity showed significant differences within the dietary treatment while overall acceptability showed a significant increase with the boiled kidney bean meal. Consequently, birds fed with BKD performed better in the organoleptic properties, while those on dehulled kidney beans meal gave better result for organ weight and carcass yield. In conclusion, sensory characteristics, organ weight, and carcass yield is an indication that kidney beans especially the boiled and dehulled one can serve as a feed ingredient in broiler ration would have no adverse effect.

Keywords— dehulled kidney beans, organoleptic properties, sensory characteristics.

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UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS of Ethanolic Extract of the Flowers from Spathodea Campanulata Beauv. in Cuba

Abstract— A sample of ethanolic extract of the flowers from Spathodea campanulata Beauv. was scrutinized using a UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS Thermo scientific Dionex Ultimate 3000 RS coupled to a Thermo scientific LTQ XL mass spectrometer. In addition, about nine different chemical compounds were tentatively identified in this species based on chromatography retention time (Rt), UV and MS/MS spectra and compared with those of isolated authentic compound and literature data in our country for the first time. Information obtained from these studies can be used as biomarkers in the identification and standardization of this flower as an herbal remedy and also towards monograph development on the plant.

Keywords— UHPLC, Flowers, Chemical compounds, Ethanolic extract, Spathodea campanulata.

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Comparison of different Poly vinyl chloride (PVC) /Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) blends and their properties

Abstract— The effects of micro and nanoscale calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) particles on the mechanical properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were investigated. Type of (PVC S5070) were used as the matrix in this study, hydrocarb 95T CaCO₃ as a micro size particles, and SOCAL 312 CaCO₃ as a nano size particles with different phr (0 wt%, 10 wt% and 20 wt%). The nano-CaCO₃ particles were observed by FT-IR spectras. Nano- CaCO₃ increased the tensile strength and affected the tensile strength of PVC more than micro-CaCO₃ particles. The raise in hardness shore (A) is more considerable in nano-CaCO₃ filled PVC compared to that of micro-CaCO₃. TSDC test investigated that nano-CaCO₃ in PVC samples have greater electrical resistance, and the maximum volume resistivity in micro-CaCO₃ in PVC samples which mixed by ultrasonic. Thermal characterization of PVC samples were tested by DMA. Storage modulus and loss factor (tan δ) examined and showed that the storage modulus of PVC decreased as a function of temperature. The storage modulus can be increased concurrently by the presence of CaCO₃. The glass transition of nano-CaCO₃ sample mixed by ultrasonic has higher glass transition than other samples which mixed by normal mixing.

Keywords— Calcium carbonate, Polymer composites, PVC, Micro-CaCO₃, Nano-CaCo₃.

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Engineering Journal August 2021

Credit Card Fraud Detection using SMOTE and Ensemble Methods

Abstract— We focused on the study of using math modeling and machine learning to do big data analysis, therefore to detect Credit card fraud, which is one of the serious issues in real life. In order to detect credit card fraud, after reviewed many recent research, we chose the most popular models among credit card fraud detection, which are Random Forest (RF), and ANN with multi-layers (DNN). We evaluated the accuracy and recall of these models in detecting credit card fraud with or without SMOTE, and found out that there is no significant improvement in the accuracy of these models with or without SMOTE training, but RF with SOMTE has a little bit vantage than others. There is a significant improvement in recall of these three models with SMOTE training. Especially, with SMOTE training, ANN or DNN is of better performance in the recall than RF. Therefore, we combine RF and DNN to generate a hybrid model so that it produces better stability in accuracy and recall. The study discovered that neural network models have greater potential for finding abnormal data in the big data stream. This has important guiding significance for what mathematical model that credit card companies use to monitor the cash flow and remind customers of the possible risk of credit card fraud.

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Assessment of Some Heavy Metals as Contaminants in Petroleum Contaminated Soils of Eleme, Port Harcourt Nigeria

Abstract— Samples from petroleum contaminated soil of Eleme, Port Harcourt and from non petroleum contaminated soil, Awka, Nigeria serving as control were analyzed for heavy metals. The results of the analysis showed that the metals concentrations in mg/kg were Ni <0.05- 2.05, Cr 0.005- 0.37, Cd <0.005- 0.008, Zn 0.14 – 2.87 Pb <0.02- 0.19 Fe 12.32-29.11, Mn < 0.008- 0.036, Se <0.001, as <0.001, and V <0.001. Majority of the metal concentrations were above those of the control. Though the values obtained did not exceed soil quality standards stipulated in the Environmental Management Regulations, 2007, the toxic metals could accumulate to a threatening level over a period of time. Food poisoning, occupational hazards and various disorders emanate from heavy load of toxic metals in our environment.

Environmental pollution may result from industrial and commercial activities when substances resulting from these activities enter the environment and attain levels which may cause discomfort and / or harm to man and his environment (Udosen et al, 1990). From the point of view of environmental pollution, metals may be broadly classified into three categories namely, non-toxic but accessible, toxic but non-accessible and toxic and accessible .It is the third category that has attracted more attention from the point of view of environmental pollution and public health (Dara, 2008).

Moriber (1974) reported that the consumption of waste water from a mine which produced cadmium, zinc and lead resulted in rickets-like disease called itai-itia.

Keywords— Heavy Metals as Contaminants, Petroleum Contaminated Soils, Port Harcourt, soil quality, toxic metals.

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Engineering Journal June 2021

Application of Data Mining Techniques using Internet of Things

Abstract— The generation and growing power of computer science have boosted data collection, storage, and manipulation as data sets are broad in size and complexity level. Internet of Things (IOT) is the most popular term in describing this new interconnected world. The massive data generated by the Internet of Things (IoT) are considered of high business value, and data mining algorithms can be applied to IoT to extract hidden information from data. As more and more devices connected to IoT, the latest algorithms should be applied to IOT. This paper explores a systematic review of various data mining models as well as its applications in the Internet of things along with its advantages and disadvantages.

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Fusing Optimal Odometry Calibration and Partial Visual Odometry via A Particle Filter for Autonomous Vehicles Navigation

Abstract— Autonomous vehicles are increasingly becoming ubiquitous in the 21st century; they find application in agriculture, industry, airplanes, cars, service robotics, and others; in order to display autonomous guidance, a vehicle needs to estimate its position and orientation relative to an arbitrary coordinate system; to do so, several sources of information can be used, including images, global positioning systems, inertial measurements or odometry, each according to the application; methods, such as Kalman Filter can be used to combine the several sources of information; however, the more accurate each source of information is, the better the estimation of vehicle position and orientation will be; therefore, the calibration of the parameters of the odometrical systems in autonomous terrestrial vehicles is a must; visual guidance is also an important technology used for vehicle guidance. In this paper, it is presented an off-line method for odometry calibration using a genetic algorithm and the fusion of odometry data with heading information from camera data; a particle filter is used to fuse the data from the optical encoder and the camera. This method was tested in an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) with tricycle topology, demonstrating high accuracy in position estimation and guidance through arbitrary paths.

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Engineering Journal May 2021

Prototype of a Monitoring System Based on the Arduino Platform and the Paradigm of Pan-Tilt Movement

Abstract— The following article presents the implementation of a low cost property security system through the use of the Arduino Uno board, which has a reasonable processing capacity and the ability to manipulate devices that perform functions of robotics and embedded instrumentation. The programming was carried out through the Servo.h library, which follows the Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) and functions designed to read analog and digital signals. The current prototype is formed by a webcam attached to a Pan-Tilt support, composed by two servomotors and being controlled through a 2-axis potentiometer joystick that allows the vertical and horizontal movement of the prototype. The captured images were recorded using software made available by the camera manufacturer. Consequently, the laptop used in the project played the role of a digital network video recorder (NVR) while discarding the need to use a video monitor. In this way, an electronic monitoring system was obtained, capable of functioning as an effective protection instrument.

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Person Re-identification

Abstract— Person re-identification could be essential operation for any multi-camera observation situation. Until presently, it has been performed by misusing fundamentally appearance prompts, hypothesizing that the people cannot alter their clothes. In this paper, we unwind this limitation by displaying a set of 3D soft-biometric signals, being uncaring to appearance varieties that are assembled utilizing RGB-D innovation. The point utilizes of these characteristics gives empowering exhibitions on a benchmark of 79 individuals that have been captured in different days and with different clothing. This advances a novel investigate heading for the re-identification community, backed moreover by the reality that an unused of affordable of RGB-D cameras have as of late attacked the around the world advertise.

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Engineering Journal: March 2021

Energy Savings in Renewable Integrated Distribution Network and Impact of Storage Devices

Abstract— Energy loss reduction is a significant issue for Renewable energy planning in the Distribution system. The high penetration of wind and solar became the primary task for the optimal size of energy storage to support the power mismatch. In the present work, energy savings have been obtained in a renewable integrated distribution system. The impact of the energy storage device has also been evaluated. The main contribution of this paper is:

• Optimal location of DGs and battery are obtained by solving single and multi-objective functions.
• Determination of DG and battery size for loss savings.
• Impact of battery energy storage device on loss profile and total cost of the system.

The simulation results of the test system have been compared with other existing results.

Keywords— Radial distribution system, Battery energy storage device, Energy Loss minimisation, optimal sizing and siting, Renewable Energy sources.

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Metal-Containing Nanocomposites on the Basis of Isotactic Polypropylene and Butadiene-Nitrile Rubber

Abstract— One and two-step methods for the synthesis of saccharin-6-carboxylic acid triglyceride were studied. The reesterification reactions of 2-hydroxypropyl-1,3-bis-ethersulfoimide of this acid and glycerol with some aliphatic saccharin-6-carboxylic acid esters were carried out. The resulting products are characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. It was found that when using a two-step method, the end product is obtained with the highest yield (85%). The influence of additions of nanofillers (NF) containing nanoparticles of the copper oxide, stabilized by polymer matrix of maleinized polyethylene of high pressure (MPE), obtained by mechano-chemical method on peculiarities of structure and properties of metal-containing nanocomposites on the basis of isotactic polypropylene (PP) and butadiene-nitrile rubber (BNR) by methods of X-ray phase (RPhA) and differential-thermal analyses (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been investigated. It has been revealed an improvement of the strength, deformation and rheological indices and also the thermal-oxidative stability of the obtained nanocomposites, which has been apparently connected with the synergetic effect of the interaction of the zinc-containing nanoparticles with maleic groups of MPE. It has been shown that the nanocomposites on the basis of PP/BNR/HF can be processed both by pressing method and by methods of casting under pressure and extrusion, which expands the sphere of its application.

Keywords— butadiene-nitrile rubber, DTA, isotactic polypropylene, metal-containing nanocomposites, nanoparticles of zinc oxide, RPhA, SEM – analyses, thermal properties.

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Generation of Hydrogen Gas from Crude Glycerol by Purple Non-Sulfur Photo Fermentative Bacteria, Rhodobacter Meghalophilus

Abstract— As the world is progressing faster with new technological innovations, the need and demand for energy is also constantly expanding. In the light of conventionally available fossil fuel reserves being exhausted extensively that has left a very deep scar on environment, the urge for alternative environment friendly energy source is the need for energy sustenance. Hydrogen gas is distinct for its high calorific value, clean fuel characteristic and suitability for wide applications. Chemical method likes steam reforming, coal gasification are established technologies available for industrial hydrogen needs but are high in terms of cost and energy input. Biological methods are promising routes for hydrogen gas generation as they can be cost effective and use a variety of organic materials as substrates. The current study is focused on generation of hydrogen gas using Rhodobacter meghalophilus, a mesophilic, and purple non sulfur photo fermentative bacteria. Crude glycerol, byproduct from biodiesel plants is used as carbon substrate because of its rich organic content. Experiments were carried out to study the effect of process parameters viz. volume of crude glycerol, pH and light intensity on generation of hydrogen gas. Crude glycerol in the media was varied from 5 – 15% (v/v), pH between 5.8 – 8.3 and the light intensity at 500, 1000 and 2000 Lx respectively. At 15% (v/v) of crude glycerol, pH of 7.8 and 1000 Lx, the volume of hydrogen gas obtained was 490 ml/L with the substrate to hydrogen gas conversion rate as 0.012 mol/ mol of crude glycerol with light conversion efficiency of 1.16%.

Keywords— Bio hydrogen, Clean energy, Crude glycerol, Photo fermentation, Rhodobacter meghalophilus.

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Engineering Journal: February 2021

Direct analysis by UHPLC-MS/MS of 8 purified fractions from ethanolic extracts of Talipariti elatum’s flowers in Martinica

Abstract— From ethanolic extracts of the flowers of Talipariti elatum (Sw.) eigth different samples were isolated, purified and analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS to determine the chemical constituents that they content. Each sample was separated and reinjected to get the most possible information about the chemical compounds that they posses. After an exhaustive analysis 8 different chemical components were tentatively identified according to their MS and literature data. Two compounds until remain unknown.

Keywords— Talipariti elatum, ethanolic extract, flowers, UHPLC-MS, chemical components.

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Performance Evaluation of Bentonite Muds Formulated using Cassava Starch Treated with Preservatives

Abstract— Extensive works have been done on the subject matter of local sourcing of drilling fluid additives to reduce our importation burdens especially in this era of dwindling oil fortunes. This local sourcing will bolster industrialization and reduce unemployment in a vast economy like Nigeria. The results of the previous studies have shown promising potentials which are in tandem with our local content mandate of the government. Cassava starch has been identified as one of these additives and our ranking as the world largest producer of cassava remains instructive. Currently, all the starch used in the oil and gas industry is imported. The major constraint to the use of cassava starch is their extreme susceptibility to post-harvest degradation. This work, therefore, is an attempt to address this problem of stability by the application of appropriate preservatives without prejudice to the rheological properties of the mud. In carrying out this study at temperatures of 80, 120, 150 and 190⁰F, three cassava starch cultivars TMS 92/0057, TMS 98/0581 and TMS 96/1632 and four common preservatives in the food industry; the salts of benzoate, propionate, sorbate and metabisulphite were used in the bentonite mud formulations. The result showed that out of the sixty-one mud formulations, only five of them adequately met the API rheological properties threshold. These five muds exhibited properties that compare favourably to the imported starch sample. This stabilized product holds much promise as a substitute to the imported starch for use in water-based drilling mud formulations for the Nigerian oil industry.

Keywords— Cassava starch, Drilling fluids, Rheology, Preservatives.

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Engineering Journal: January 2021

Non-typical designs of Polypropylene Capillary Heat Exchangers

Abstract— The present article describes a heat exchanger with transparent (smooth) fibres with an atypical body shape and an atypical arrangement of polypropylene capillaries inside. The exchanger cross-section was of a square shape. This type of exchanger was subjected to the investigation of the impact of the fibre arrangement on the overall heat transfer coefficient and behaviour of fibres during the experiment. The exchanger was examined in the counter flow arrangement. The exchanger with 1,400 transparent fibres with the outer diameter of 0.275 mm was examined at the secondary fluid flow rate of 150 l·h^-1 to identify the overall heat transfer coefficient k which amounted to 520 W·m^-2·K^-1. When compared to an exchanger with identical parameters of fibres placed inside a cylindrical exchanger body, a decrease in the overall heat transfer coefficient represented 14%. At the flow rate of 200 l·h^-1, the value of the overall heat transfer coefficient identified experimentally was 632 W∙m^-2·K^-1. When compared to cylindrical exchanger with comparable fibre parameters, the value was 33% lower.

Keywords— Heat exchangers, polypropylene fibres, typical designs Polypropylene Capillary.

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Voltage Control in Distribution System with Reactive Power Dispatch

Abstract— Due to large resistance and lower reactance of lines, the voltage control and power loss became a crucial issue. The flat voltage profile, is therefore expected to distribution system at each node, minimum power loss, the maximum cost of saving and maximum efficiency. In this context, to find the size and location of compensating devices for the reactive power and voltage control devices became the essential need. In this paper, the multi-objective optimisation problem is solved for the sizing and location of reactive power compensating devices in the distribution system. The main contributions of the proposed work are

• To address the hybrid algorithm to determine the location and size of Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM).
• The power loss and voltage deviation are minimised.
• The impact of D-STATCOM with minimum voltage growth is analysed.

The results are verified, tabulated and compared with other methods. The IEEE-33 bus test system has been taken for the analysis.

Keywords— Power loss minimisation, voltage deviation, D-STATCOM.

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Engineering Journal: December 2020

Detection of Xyelene (C8H10) by Pd-gate MOS Sensor

Abstract— A sensor based on Pd/SiO₂/Si MOS capacitor was fabricated on p type <100> (1-6 ΩCm) Si with thermal oxide layer of thickness about 200 A˚. The sensor showed sensitivity to Xyelene (C₈H₁₀ ) vapour and was characterized at Xyelene concentrations ranging from (500ppm-16,000ppm) at different operating temperatures (room temperature,70˚C and 120˚C), in air. It was found that sensitivity of the sensor was maximum at an operating temperature of 70˚C.

Keywords— MOS (metal-oxide- semiconductor) structure, gas sensor, Palladium (Pd), sensitivity, C-V and G-V characteristics.

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Trimaran Fishing Vessel Development: A Review of Vessel Power, Safety and Comfort Needs

Abstract— In general, fishing fleets operating in Maluku waters and managed by local entrepreneurs consist of mono hull fishing vessels (such as purse seines, etc.) and trimaran in chart form. These two types of fishing fleets have been known to the people of Maluku for a long time. However, these two types each have their advantages and limitations, for example, mono hull fishing boats have limited deck space and poor transverse stability, especially in bumpy sea conditions in extreme weather. While the trimaran type has better deck space and transverse stability than a mono hull ship, but because it is still in chart form, it has limited space. The shortcomings that exist in these two types of fishing fleets are coupled with the expertise or experience of fishermen which has minimal impact on the decrease in the catch and what is worse can be fatal to accidents and the sinking of ship arma. To increase the catch of fisheries, it is necessary to have a means and a reliable fishing fleet. This study aims to examine the development of trimaran fishing vessels in terms of the study of energy needs, safety and comfort for the captain and crew during fishing operations. The initial stage of this research begins with data analysis and the principal size of mono hull fishing vessels operating in Maluku waters, from this data the hull form of a trimaran vessel is designed with an area similar to or close to the area of ​​a monohull fishing vessel operating in Maluku waters using maxsurf, then analyzed the calculation of obstacles. ship and stability to assess the energy needs and safety and comfort of the ship during fishing operations. This research is focused on analyzing the energy requirements, safety and comfort of the trimaran fishing vessel. The final result of this research is expected to be used as an alternative fishing boat to increase the fish catch of fishermen which will have an impact on the income and welfare of fishermen.

Keywords— Trimaran Fishing Vessel, Resistance, Power, Safety, Comfort.

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Effect of Citric Acid on Thickeners Used in Products for People Suffering Oropharyngeal Dysphagia

Abstract—Dysphagia is a digestive disorder recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) characterized by the difficulty in forming or moving the bolus from the mouth to the oesophagus that can cause the passage of food into the respiratory tract. Foods for people with dysphagia are prepared with products that modify viscosity to make them safer when ingested. The aim of this work is to establish the interaction between citric acid, widely used by the food industry, with different thickeners, both first and second range, in order to check whether they fulfil the functions for which they have been designed. The time stability and viscosity as a function of the hydration time of six thickeners and their behavior in the temperature range between 25 and 50 °C were determined. Thickener concentrations up to a maximum of 6% were used in combination with 3acid concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2%). In distilled water, the sedimentation of first range thickeners and the gelification of second range thickeners were checked, as well as the change from non-Newtonian to Newtonian behaviour after the hydrolysis process in both types of thickeners. In the presence of citric acid, the behaviour of both types of thickeners was analogous. Second range thickeners have been found to be much safer than first range thickeners in modifying the viscosity of liquids for people with dysphagia due to the fact that they do not sediment.

Keywords—citric acid, dysphagia, gum, starch, thickener, viscosity.

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Impact of France Nuclear Tests on typhoons and Earthquakes in November 1990

Abstract— The paper investigates the relationship between the development of typhoons and strong earthquakes after the France nuclear tests (NT) in November 1990. It is shown that after the NT acoustic impact on the tropical disturbance of the Pacific Ocean cloud structures self-organized into a system of three interacting category 5 typhoons. The dependence of the earthquakes M> 4.6 and the intensity of these typhoons as well as Typhoon Mike which passed earlier through the Philippine Islands are considered. Areas were found where the impact of typhoons led to earthquakes M> 5.4 of small lithospheric plates.

Keywords— Pacific, nuclear test, typhoon, earthquake.

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Engineering Journal: November 2020

Hydrogen Production System using a Plasma Reactor

Abstract— The present article deals with a potential to interconnect the plasma technology of waste processing with the technology of hydrogen separation from syngas using metal hydride alloys. It also describes key components of the system used for syngas cleaning and their succession.

Keywords— hydrogen, plasma reaktor, waste treatment, gasification.

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Vehicle Re-Identification Based on the Authenticity of Orthographic Projection

Abstract— Vehicle re-identification is still a problem do not receive much attention in the multimedia and vision communities. Since most existing approaches mainly focus on the overall vehicle appearance for re-identification and do not consider the visual appearance changes of sides of vehicle, called local deformation. In this paper, we propose a vehicle re-identification method based on the authenticity of orthographic projection, in which three sides of vehicle are extracted, and the local deformation is explicitly minimized by scaling each pair of corresponding side to uniform size before computing similarity. To compute the similarity between two vehicle images, we 1) construct 3D bounding boxes around the vehicles, 2) extract sub-images of the three sides of each vehicle like a three-view drawing, 3) compute the similarity between each pair of corresponding side sub-images, and 4) use their weighted mean as the final measure of similarity. After computing the similarity between the query vehicle and all candidate vehicles, we rank these similarities and take the vehicle with the maximum similarity as the best match. To evaluate this approach, we use a dataset with 240 pairs of vehicle images extracted from surveillance videos shot at seven locations in different directions. The experimental results show that our proposed method can achieve 75.83% matching accuracy for the top-1 ranked vehicle and 91.25% accuracy for the top-5 vehicles.

Keywords— 3D bounding boxes, local deformation, vehicle re-identification, weighted mean.

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Design and Strength Analysis of the Base for Robot Baxter

Abstract— This paper discusses the issue of the subsystem of mobility and solves the design of the lower mobile base for a robot called Baxter. In this paper you can see all the models and parts that are used in construction of mobile base, from which the initial model of the base is created. After making a model of a base, we were putting a load (represents the weight of a robot) on it so we could determine what kind of relative deformations and stresses are created by using finite element method analysis FEM. Later we optimised the base (for example we were changing the length dimensions of some parts), so we could get better results from FEM analysis and also, we wanted the optimised base to acquire similar dimensions and weight as a commercial base. At the end we created technical sheets of all the parts of the base. These technical sheets were later sent to university SIGMA in Clermont-Ferrand (France), from which they constructed mobile base for robot Baxter. FEM analysis was done in program called NX Siemens and models of individual parts were modelled in CATIA V5.

Keywords— mobile base, subsystem of mobility, service robot, Baxter, strength analysis, finite element method.

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Engineering Journal: October 2020

Synthesis Methods of Saccharin-6-Carboxylic Acid Triglyceride

Abstract— One and two-step methods for the synthesis of saccharin-6-carboxylic acid triglyceride were studied. The reesterification reactions of 2-hydroxypropyl-1,3-bis-ethersulfoimide of this acid and glycerol with some aliphatic saccharin-6-carboxylic acid esters were carried out. The resulting products are characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. It was found that when using a two-step method, the end product is obtained with the highest yield (85%).

Keywords— alkyl esters, glycerine, IR-spectra, monomer, reesterification, saccharin-6-carboxylic acid.

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The Test of Permeable by Expansion Valve in Cooling Compressor

Abstract— Current article describes the HFC test, which the measure the amount of impurity in cooling compressors, which they could cause damage to them. In introduce of the article describes the process of cooling cycle in cooling equipment. In the tab. 1 are summarized the basic advantages and disadvantages of use natural based refrigerant, which are used in producing the compressors designated for equipment’s as refrigerators, air conditions, cooling rooms. In the article are describe the media, which it may occur in compressor, but their presence can may cause the problems with the operation of compressor possibly its damage. We say about media respectively the products, which they are not miscible with oil. It is water, paraffin, silicone and alkali products. Test HFC discovers and measurements the presence these components and on the basis of their quantity decides on the quality of production of refrigeration compressors. The article describes the test procedure and in the end the evaluation of the maximum value of the given incompatible respectively unwanted products.

Keywords— compressor, HFC test, refrigerant, refrigeration equipment.

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Comparing Oxygen Plasma, Hydrogen Peroxide and Flame Treatments of Polyamide Tubes to Hydrophilic Coating Adhesion

Abstract— Hydrophilic-coated catheters reduce the endovascular friction between the device and blood and increase the biocompatibility of catheters. This study investigated three surface treatments to improve catheter surface. Oxygen plasma, hydrogen peroxide, and flame exposure coating equipment were manufactured. Polyamide 11 (PA11) catheter surfaces were treated and the influence of exposure time for each individual technique was studied. Treated samples were characterized by goniometry, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and scratch resistance of the hydrophilic coating deposited. Oxygen plasma, hydrogen peroxide, and flame surface treatments may considerably increase the wettability and adhesion properties of polyamide 11. The flame treatment during 60 s showed significant improvement in surface properties, in which both wettability and the adhesion of the hydrophilic coating were superior in comparison to the other samples. The devices developed in these work were able to coat and improve catheter surface properties.

Keywords— Oxygen Plasma, Hydrogen Peroxide, Flame Treatments, Polyamide Tubes, Hydrophilic Coating.

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Thermal Insulation of Distribution Pipelines

Abstract— In heat distribution systems, which are used to supply a heat-conveying medium to consumers, a certain amount of heat is always released to the surrounding environment. Such inevitable and undesired release of heat is referred to as heat loss. Heat loss causes that the medium flowing inside the distribution system cools down and its subsequent heating up is therefore more demanding. The consequences include higher costs of heat and hot water production not only for system operators but also for end consumers. Therefore, attention should be paid to thermal insulation when incorporated in heat distribution systems, primarily to its quality and thickness.

Keywords— heat network, efficiency, heat loss, ambient temperature.

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Dietary Assessment & Evaluation of Nutritional using Image Segmentation for Mobiles: Survey

Abstract— There is a great demand for easily accessible user friendly dietary self assessment and self management applications. This is because of growing concern about chronic diseases and other health problems related to cancer and obesity. So accurate diet measurement is very important. Measurement of accurate dietary and development of fully automatic estimation of nutritional intake is considered to be an open research problem. In this paper a survey on mobile telephone food record has been done. This mobile telephone food record provides an accurate account of daily food and nutrient intake of an individual. The identification and quality estimation is based on obtaining images before and after consumption of meal. Image analysis is done which includes the segmentation of food items, identification of food items by its features, automatic estimation of food portion.

Keywords— dietary assessment, diet record method, image analysis, nutrient computation, volume estimation.

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Recovery of Heavy Oil from Unconventional Source (Oil Sands) with Design Steam Injection System

Abstract— The use of steam ranging from 100^oC to 280^oC in extracting and producing oil from unconventional reservoir (oil sand) was investigated. Core samples were obtained from Edo state in Nigeria. An oil sand laboratory reservoir model was used to investigate technical feasibility of the injection of steam as an enhanced oil recovery agent for tight hydrocarbon reservoirs and the effect of temperature on the petrophysical properties such as porosity and permeability of oil sand reservoir. Steam was injected into the oil sand reservoir to recover bitumen at different temperatures ranging from 100^oC to 280^oC. Results showed that as the temperature of the steam increased, more hydrocarbon (bitumen) was recovered due to the reduction of its viscosity and oil-water interfacial tension. The core experiment indicates that the porosity and permeability of a tight formation such as that of oil sand at ambient temperature is 0.038 and 0.007MD respectively. An increase in reservoir temperature by the injection of steam altered the petrophysical properties (porosity and permeability) of the reservoir. Samples collected and analyzed after recovery showed a decrease in porosity and an increase in the permeability of the formation. Results indicate that the viscosity of bitumen decreased with an increasing temperature. Maximum recovery of bitumen was obtained at 280^oC. The injection of steam at temperature of 300^oC and above, would produce more bitumen at industrial scale and could be refined and upgraded to liquid fuels to supplement the drastic reduction of the conventional oil. The results obtained from this work showed good agreement with data from existing data.

Keywords— Bitumen, Heavy oil, Oil sands, Permeability, Porosity, Steam, tight formation, Unconventional, viscosity.

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Vehicle Re-Identification Based on the Authenticity of Orthographic Projection

Abstract— Vehicle re-identification is still a problem do not receive much attention in the multimedia and vision communities. Since most existing approaches mainly focus on the overall vehicle appearance for re-identification and do not consider the visual appearance changes of sides of vehicle, called local deformation. In this paper, we propose a vehicle re-identification method based on the authenticity of orthographic projection, in which three sides of vehicle are extracted, and the local deformation is explicitly minimized by scaling each pair of corresponding side to uniform size before computing similarity. To compute the similarity between two vehicle images, we 1) construct 3D bounding boxes around the vehicles, 2) extract sub-images of the three sides of each vehicle like a three-view drawing, 3) compute the similarity between each pair of corresponding side sub-images, and 4) use their weighted mean as the final measure of similarity. After computing the similarity between the query vehicle and all candidate vehicles, we rank these similarities and take the vehicle with the maximum similarity as the best match. To evaluate this approach, we use a dataset with 240 pairs of vehicle images extracted from surveillance videos shot at seven locations in different directions. The experimental results show that our proposed method can achieve 75.83% matching accuracy for the top-1 ranked vehicle and 91.25% accuracy for the top-5 vehicles.

Keywords— 3D bounding boxes, local deformation, vehicle re-identification, weighted mean.

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